Entanglement and superposition are key principles of quantum mechanics from "summary" of Quantum Supremacy by Michio Kaku
Entanglement and superposition, the two key principles of quantum mechanics, are what set this field apart from classical physics. Entanglement is the phenomenon where particles become correlated in such a way that their states are connected, even when they are separated by vast distances. This means that the state of one particle can instantly influence the state of another, regardless of the physical space between them. Superposition, on the other hand, allows particles to exist in multiple states simultaneously. These two principles form the foundation of quantum computing, which harnesses the power of entanglement and superposition to perform computations at speeds that are unimaginable with classical computers. In a classical computer, bits are used to represent information as either 0 or 1. However, in a quantum computer, qubits can exist in a superposition of both 0 and 1 at the same time, exponentially increasing the computing power. Entanglement and superposition enable quantum computers to perform calculations in parallel, rather than sequentially like classical computers. This means that quantum computers can solve complex problems in a fraction of the time it would take a classical computer. For example, quantum computers have the potential to revolutionize fields like cryptography, drug discovery, and artificial intelligence by quickly solving problems that are currently intractable. While entanglement and superposition may seem counterintuitive based on our classical understanding of the world, they are fundamental to the strange and fascinating world of quantum mechanics. Embracing these principles opens up a realm of possibilities for technology and scientific advancement that were once thought impossible. As we continue to explore the potential of quantum supremacy, we are on the brink of a new era in computing and problem-solving.
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