Plate tectonics drive Earth's dynamics from "summary" of Principles of Geology, Volume 1 by Charles Lyell,Sir Charles Lyell
The geological processes that shape the Earth's surface are driven by the movements of the lithospheric plates. These plates, which are large rigid slabs of rock, float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. The interactions between these plates result in a variety of dynamic phenomena that shape the Earth's surface over time. Plate tectonics theory explains how the lithospheric plates move and interact with each other. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries, where plates move away from each other; convergent boundaries, where plates collide and one is forced beneath the other; and transform boundaries, where plates slide past each other horizontally. These interactions at plate boundaries result in earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain building, and the formation of new crust. The movement of the lithospheric pla...
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