Environmental changes lead to extinction events from "summary" of Principles of Geology, Volume 1 by Charles Lyell,Sir Charles Lyell
The history of the earth reveals how the balance of nature can be disrupted by environmental changes. When the conditions in which living beings exist are altered, many species may struggle to adapt and face the risk of extinction. The fossil record provides ample evidence of how past changes in climate, sea levels, and other environmental factors have led to the disappearance of certain groups of organisms. For example, during periods of glaciation, vast ice sheets covered large portions of the earth's surface, causing a drop in sea levels and a decrease in global temperatures. These changes had a profound impact on the habitats of many species, particularly those living in coastal areas or regions with specific climate requirements. As a result, numerous marine and terrestrial organisms were unable to survive in the new conditions and ultimately went extinct. Similarly, volcanic eruptions, asteroid impacts, and other geological events can also trigger environmental changes that have catastrophic effects on biodiversity. For instance, the mass extinction event that marked the end of the Cretaceous period is believed to have been caused by a combination of factors, including a massive asteroid impact and volcanic activity. These events led to widespread environmental disruption, such as wildfires, tsunamis, and climate shifts, which in turn resulted in the extinction of numerous species, including the dinosaurs.- The concept that environmental changes can lead to extinction events is a fundamental principle of geology. By studying the past, we can gain valuable insights into how ecosystems respond to disruptions and better understand the potential consequences of ongoing environmental changes on the earth's biodiversity. It is essential to recognize the delicate balance that exists within nature and strive to protect and preserve the planet's diverse array of life forms.
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