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Friction and air resistance affect motion from "summary" of Physics of the Human Body by Richard P. McCall

When an object moves through a medium such as air, it encounters two types of resistance that can impede its motion. The first type of resistance is known as friction, which occurs when two surfaces rub against each other. Friction can be caused by factors such as roughness of surfaces or the presence of small particles between the surfaces. Friction can have a significant impact on the motion of an object, as it can cause the object to slow down or even come to a stop. For example, when a person walks on a rough surface, the friction between their shoes and the ground causes resistance that must be overcome in order to continue moving forward. Similarly, when a car is driving on a road, friction between the tires and the road surface can affect its speed and stopping distance. The second type of resistance that affects motion is air resistance, which is the force exerted by air molecules on an object as it moves through the air. Air resistance can vary depending on factors such as the shape and speed of the object. For example, a streamlined object like a bullet will experience less air resistance than a bulky object like a parachute. Air resistance can have a significant impact on the motion of objects that travel through the air, such as airplanes and projectiles. In the case of airplanes, engineers design the shape of the aircraft to minimize air resistance and maximize efficiency. For projectiles like bullets or baseballs, air resistance can cause them to decelerate and change trajectory during flight. In summary, both friction and air resistance play crucial roles in affecting the motion of objects. Understanding how these forces interact with moving objects is essential in fields such as physics, engineering, and sports science. By considering and accounting for these forces, researchers and practitioners can optimize the performance and efficiency of various systems and processes.
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    Physics of the Human Body

    Richard P. McCall

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