Atmospheric heating mechanisms from "summary" of Physics of the Earth’s Space Environment by Gerd Prölss
Atmospheric heating is an important factor in Earth's climate that is caused by a variety of different mechanisms. The sun's energy is absorbed by the atmosphere, which then warms the lower layers of the atmosphere, leading to changes in the Earth's climate.- Solar irradiance is another major contributor to atmospheric heating. This occurs when the sun radiates light and heat to Earth's atmosphere. The amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface of the planet depends on various factors such as altitude, latitude and time of day.
- Convection processes also contribute to the total atmospheric heating. Hot air rises, only to be replaced by cooler air coming in from below. As this continual circulation happens, the hot air collects in the upper atmosphere and adds to the overall temperature increase.
- Heat waves are one of the most common forms of atmospheric heating. These produce infrared radiation which can warm up an area quite significantly. In addition, these waves also transport energy from the troposphere to the stratosphere, resulting in further heating.
- Volcanoes also play a significant role in the overall heating of our atmosphere. When these erupt, they tend to emit large quantities of ash and steam into the air. The combination of these particles and gases create an umbrella of insulation in the sky which traps the heat from escaping.
- Radiative heating is one of the most efficient forms of atmospheric heating. Radiant energy from light, radio signals and microwave radiation all interact with matter in the environment to cause heating. Clouds will trap some of this energy before it escapes to the sky, thereby creating a warmer space around the Earth’s surface.
