Statistical interpretation of entropy from "summary" of Physical Chemistry by Robert G. Mortimer
In statistical mechanics, entropy is interpreted as a measure of the number of ways in which a system can be arranged microscopically while still maintaining its macroscopic properties. This interpretation is based on the concept of probability: a system is more likely to be found in a state with a larger number of microstates than in a state with a smaller number of microstates. The relationship between entropy and probability can be understood by considering a simple example of a two-state system, such as a coin flip. If we flip a fair coin, there are two possible outcomes: heads or tails. The probability of each outcome is 0.5, and the entropy of the system is maximized because there are an equal number of microstates corresponding to each macrostate.
As we increase the number of states in the system, the entropy also increases because there are ...
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