Phase rule application from "summary" of Physical Chemistry by Robert G. Mortimer
The phase rule, formulated by J. W. Gibbs, is a fundamental principle in physical chemistry that governs the number of degrees of freedom in a system at equilibrium. The phase rule states that for a system in equilibrium with P phases and C components, the number of degrees of freedom F is given by F = C - P + 2. This equation provides valuable insight into the behavior of complex systems and allows us to predict the number of variables that can be independently controlled. The phase rule finds wide application in various branches of physical chemistry, such as thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium, and phase diagrams. By applying the phase rule, we can determine the conditions under which a system will be in equilibrium, the number of phases present in a given system, and the relationships between variables t...
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