Adsorption isotherms interpretation from "summary" of Physical Chemistry by Robert G. Mortimer
In interpreting adsorption isotherms, it is important to first understand the different types of isotherms that can be observed. The shape of an adsorption isotherm can provide valuable information about the nature of the adsorption process taking place on the surface of the adsorbent. For example, a Type I isotherm typically indicates monolayer adsorption, where a single layer of adsorbate molecules forms on the surface of the adsorbent. This type of isotherm is characterized by a steep increase in adsorption at low pressures, followed by a plateau as the surface becomes fully covered by adsorbate molecules. On the other hand, a Type II isotherm suggests multilayer adsorption, where adsorbate molecules form multiple layers on the surface of the adsorbent. This type of isotherm exhibits a gradual increase in adsorption at low pressures, followed by a steep increase as additional layers of adsorbate molecules are adsorbed onto the surface. A Type III isotherm, also known as a Langmuir isotherm, is characterized by an initial decrease in adsorption at low pressures, followed by a gradual increase as the surface becomes fully covered by adsorbate molecules. This type of isotherm is often associated with cooperative adsorption processes, where adsorbate molecules interact with each other on the surface of the adsorbent. By analyzing the shape of an adsorption isotherm and comparing it to known isotherm types, researchers can gain insights into the mechanisms driving the adsorption process. This information can be used to optimize adsorption processes in various applications, such as gas separation, wastewater treatment, and catalysis.
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