Challenges in the Indian agricultural sector from "summary" of Oswaal NCERT One For All for UPSC & State PSC's Indian Economy Classes-9 to 12 (Old & New NCERT Edition) (For 2023 Exam) by Oswaal Editorial Board
The Indian agricultural sector is faced with numerous challenges that hinder its growth and development. One of the key challenges is the fragmentation of land holdings, which leads to inefficient farming practices and lower productivity. Small and marginal farmers dominate the sector, and their lack of access to modern technology and credit further exacerbates the problem. Another major challenge is the dependence on monsoons for irrigation, which makes agriculture vulnerable to climate change and unpredictable weather patterns. This reliance on rainfall limits the cropping patterns and reduces the overall productivity of the sector. Additionally, the lack of proper infrastructure such as storage facilities and market linkages result in post-harvest losses and low incomes for farmers. The Indian agricultural sector also faces challenges in terms of outdated farming practices and lack of mechanization. Traditional methods of farming are labor-intensive and inefficient, leading to lower yields and increased costs. The sector also grapples with issues related to soil degradation, water scarcity, and pest infestations, which further impact the overall productivity and sustainability of agriculture. Moreover, the inadequate marketing and pricing mechanisms in the agricultural sector create disparities between farm gate prices and retail prices, leading to exploitation of farmers by middlemen. The lack of access to credit, insurance, and extension services further hinders the growth of the sector and restricts the adoption of modern techniques and technologies.- The Indian agricultural sector is faced with a multitude of challenges that need to be addressed to ensure sustainable growth and development. From land fragmentation and dependence on monsoons to outdated farming practices and inadequate infrastructure, these challenges require immediate attention and intervention to improve the overall productivity and livelihoods of farmers.
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