Functional groups determine the properties of organic molecules from "summary" of Organic Chemistry by John E. McMurry
Functional groups play a crucial role in determining the properties of organic molecules. Indeed, the functional group is the key structural feature that defines the behavior of a particular compound. Whether it is solubility, reactivity, acidity, or basicity, all these properties are heavily influenced by the presence of specific functional groups. For example, the presence of a hydroxyl group (-OH) in a molecule typically imparts properties such as increased solubility in water due to hydrogen bonding. This is in stark contrast to molecules with nonpolar functional groups like alkyl groups, which tend to be insoluble in water. Similarly, the presence of a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) confers acidity to a molecule, allowing it to donate a proton and react with ba...
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