Elimination reactions form double bonds by removing atoms from "summary" of Organic Chemistry by John E. McMurry
Elimination reactions involve the removal of atoms or groups from a molecule to form a double bond. This process typically occurs in the presence of a strong base that abstracts a proton from a hydrogen that is beta to the leaving group. The leaving group then departs, resulting in the formation of a double bond. One common type of elimination reaction is the dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides. In this reaction, a strong base, such as hydroxide ion, removes a proton from the carbon adjacent to the halogen atom, causing the halogen to leave and a double bond to form. Another important type of elimination reaction is the dehydration of alcohols. In this reaction, a strong acid, such as sulfuric acid, protonates the hydroxyl group, making it a better leaving group. The resulting oxonium ion then loses a proton, leading to the formation of a double bond. Elimination reactions can also occur in cyclic compounds. For instance, when a dihalide undergoes elimination, a double bond is formed and a cyclic structure is created. This process is known as intramolecular elimination.- Elimination reactions are fundamental in organic chemistry as they allow for the formation of double bonds, which are essential in the synthesis of various organic compounds. By understanding the mechanisms of elimination reactions, chemists can predict and control the formation of double bonds in a wide range of chemical reactions.
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