Amines contain a nitrogen atom bonded to hydrogen atoms from "summary" of Organic Chemistry by John E. McMurry
Amines are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. This nitrogen atom is the key feature that distinguishes amines from other organic compounds. In amines, the nitrogen atom forms covalent bonds with one or more hydrogen atoms. This bonding arrangement gives amines unique chemical properties and reactivity.
The nitrogen atom in amines has a lone pair of electrons, which makes it a basic functional group. This lone pair of electrons can accept a proton, making amines capable of acting as bases in chemical reactions. When a proton is added to an amine, it forms a positively charged ammonium ion.
Amines can be classified into three main categories based on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the nitrogen atom: primary (1°), secondary (2°), and tertiary (3°) amines. In primary amines, the nitrogen atom is bonded to one carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms. Secondary amines have two carbon atoms bonded to the nitrogen atom, while tertiary amines have three carbon atoms bonded to the nitrogen atom.
The structure of amines affects their physical and chemical properties. For example, as the number of carbon atoms bonded to the nitrogen atom increases, the boiling point of the amine also increases. This is because larger amines have stronger van der Waals forces between molecules, which require more energy to overcome.
Amines are versatile compounds that are commonly found in nature and used in various industrial applications. They can be synthesized from a variety of starting materials and are important building blocks in organic chemistry. Understanding the structure and reactivity of amines is essential for organic chemists to design and carry out successful chemical reactions.
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