Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with double bonds from "summary" of Organic Chemistry by John E. McMurry
Alkenes are a class of hydrocarbons that are characterized by the presence of at least one carbon-carbon double bond. This double bond is what distinguishes alkenes from alkanes, which are saturated hydrocarbons containing only single bonds. The double bond in alkenes consists of a sigma bond and a pi bond. The sigma bond is formed by the head-on overlap of two sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, while the pi bond is formed by the sideways overlap of p orbitals. This arrangement of bonds results in restricted rotation about the carbon-carbon double bond, giving alkenes a distinct geometry. Because of the presence of the double bond, alkenes are considered unsaturated hydrocarbons. This term "unsaturated" refers to the fact that alkenes have the potential to undergo additional reactions to add more atoms or...
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