Addition reactions combine two molecules to form a new compound from "summary" of Organic Chemistry by John E. McMurry
Addition reactions involve the joining of two molecules to form a single product. This process occurs when two reactants combine to create a new compound, without any loss of atoms. The addition of two molecules results in the formation of a larger, more complex molecule. One common type of addition reaction is the addition of hydrogen to a carbon-carbon double bond, known as hydrogenation. In this reaction, the double bond is broken, and hydrogen atoms are added to the carbons, resulting in a saturated compound. Another example is the addition of a halogen to a double bond, where the halogen atoms are added across the double bond, leading to the formation of a dihalide product. Addition reactions are characterized by the breaking of pi bonds and the formation of sigma bonds. Pi bonds are weaker than sigma bonds, making them more susceptible to breaking during addition reactions. As a result, the two molecules are able to combine and form a new compound with stronger sigma bonds. The mechanism of addition reactions involves the formation of an intermediate species before the final product is produced. This intermediate species is often a reactive intermediate, which undergoes further transformations to yield the final product. The overall reaction proceeds through a series of steps, with each step involving the addition of atoms or groups to the reacting molecules.- Addition reactions are important in organic chemistry because they allow for the synthesis of new compounds from simpler starting materials. By combining two molecules through addition reactions, chemists can create a wide variety of complex organic molecules with diverse structures and properties.
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