Microbes play a crucial role in various ecological processes from "summary" of NCERT Solutions - Biology for Class 12th by Dr. Madhurbhashini,Sargam Hans,Shanya Hans
Microbes, the microscopic organisms that are omnipresent in nature, have a significant impact on various ecological processes. They play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems by participating in a wide range of functions. One of the key ecological processes in which microbes are involved is nutrient cycling. Microbes are essential for decomposing organic matter, breaking down complex compounds into simpler forms that can be readily absorbed by plants. This decomposition process releases nutrients back into the soil, making them available for the growth of new plants. Additionally, microbes are involved in nitrogen fixation, where they convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use for their growth. This process is vital for maintaining soil fertility and productivity. In addition to nutrient cycling, microbes also play a crucial role in maintaining the health of ecosystems. For instance, certain microbes are responsible for controlling the populations of harmful pathogens by competing for resources or producing antimicrobial compounds. This helps in preventing the spread of diseases among plants and animals, thereby contributing to the overall stability of the ecosystem. Moreover, microbes are involved in symbiotic relationships with various organisms, such as plants and animals. For example, mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic associations with plant roots, helping them to absorb nutrients more efficiently. Similarly, gut microbes in animals aid in digestion and nutrient absorption. These symbiotic relationships are essential for the survival and functioning of many species in an ecosystem.- The role of microbes in ecological processes is indispensable. They are involved in nutrient cycling, disease control, symbiotic relationships, and various other functions that contribute to the health and balance of ecosystems. By understanding the importance of microbes in ecology, we can appreciate the intricate connections that exist within natural systems and work towards preserving and conserving biodiversity.
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