Ecosystems are complex networks of interactions between living organisms and their environment from "summary" of NCERT Exemplar Problems-Solutions BIOLOGY class 12th by Arihant Experts
Ecosystems are intricate systems where living organisms and their environment interact in a multitude of ways. These interactions are not just simple one-way relationships, but rather complex networks that involve a variety of organisms and environmental factors. Living organisms within an ecosystem are connected through a web of relationships, such as predation, competition, and mutualism. Each organism plays a specific role in the ecosystem, influencing and being influenced by other organisms in the system. These interactions can be direct, like a predator-prey relationship, or indirect, like the effects of climate on plant growth which then impacts herbivores and their predators. In addition to interactions among living organisms, ecosystems are also shaped by abiotic factors such as temperature, sunlight, water, and soil composition. These environmental factors influence the distribution and abundance of living organisms within the ecosystem. For...
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