Biotechnology involves the manipulation of living organisms for human benefit from "summary" of NCERT Exemplar Problems-Solutions BIOLOGY class 12th by Arihant Experts
Biotechnology, as a field, is concerned with the use of living organisms to create products and processes that benefit humans. This manipulation of living organisms can involve a variety of techniques, such as genetic engineering, cell culture, and fermentation. These techniques allow scientists to modify the genetic material of organisms to enhance desired traits or to create new products altogether. One of the key aspects of biotechnology is genetic engineering, which involves the manipulation of an organism's DNA to introduce new genes or modify existing ones. This allows scientists to create organisms with specific traits, such as increased resistance to pests or diseases, improved nutritional content, or enhanced productivity. Genetic engineering has been used to develop genetically modified crops, which have revolutionized agriculture by increasing crop yields and reducing the need for chemical pesticides. Cell culture is another important technique in biotechnology, which involves the growth of cells in a controlled environment outside of their natural habitat. This technique is used to produce a wide range of products, such as vaccines, antibodies, and enzymes. Cell culture has also been used to create artificial organs and tissues for medical purposes, such as skin grafts and organ transplants. Fermentation is another key process in biotechnology, which involves the use of microorganisms to produce products such as beer, wine, and antibiotics. This process has been used for centuries to produce food and beverages, but modern biotechnology has expanded its applications to include the production of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals.- Biotechnology plays a crucial role in improving human health, agriculture, and industry by harnessing the power of living organisms. Through the manipulation of living organisms, scientists are able to create new products and processes that benefit society in a variety of ways.
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