Biogeochemical cycles involve the exchange of matter between living organisms and the environment from "summary" of NCERT Exemplar Problems-Solutions BIOLOGY class 12th by Arihant Experts
Biogeochemical cycles are essential processes that involve the movement of matter between living organisms and the environment. These cycles play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of various elements in the ecosystem. The exchange of matter occurs through the biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem, creating a dynamic relationship between living organisms and their surroundings. The biogeochemical cycles encompass the circulation of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water. These elements are essential for the survival of living organisms and are constantly being recycled in the environment. For example, in the carbon cycle, carbon dioxide is taken in by plants during photosynthesis and released back into the atmosphere through respiration. This continuous exchange of carbon ensures that the element remains available for all organisms in the ecosystem. Similarly, the nitrogen cycle involves the transformation of nitrogen into different forms that can be utilized by organisms. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can absorb, which is then passed on to animals through the food chain. This cycle ensures that nitrogen is recycled and remains available for the growth and development of living organisms. Phosphorus, another essential element, is cycled through the environment through processes such as weathering and sedimentation. Plants take up phosphorus from the soil, which is then consumed by animals. When these organisms die, phosphorus is returned to the soil through decomposition, completing the cycle. Water, a universal solvent, plays a critical role in biogeochemical cycles by transporting nutrients and other substances throughout the environment. The water cycle involves processes such as evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff, ensuring the distribution of water and essential nutrients to all organisms in the ecosystem.- Biogeochemical cycles are intricate processes that involve the exchange of matter between living organisms and the environment. These cycles ensure the availability of essential elements for the sustenance of life and maintain the balance of ecosystems. By understanding and studying these cycles, scientists can better comprehend the interconnections within nature and work towards preserving the delicate equilibrium of the environment.
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