Ionic compounds form through the transfer of electrons from "summary" of NCERT Chemistry Class 11 - [CBSE Board] by Dr. S. C. Rastogi, ,Er. Meera Goyal
Ionic compounds are formed through the transfer of electrons between atoms. When atoms of different elements come together to form a compound, they may transfer electrons from one atom to another. The atom that loses electrons becomes positively charged, while the atom that gains electrons becomes negatively charged. These charged atoms are called ions. The transfer of electrons occurs between atoms of elements with significantly different electronegativities. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons. When an atom with a high electronegativity bonds with an atom with a low electronegativity, the high electronegative atom tends to pull the electrons closer to itself, leading to the transfer of electrons. In an ionic compound, the positively charged ion is called a cation, and the negatively charged ion is called an anion. The cations and anions are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction, forming a stable ionic bond. This bond is formed due to the attraction between opposite charges, creating a crystal lattice structure in which the ions are arranged in a repeating pattern. The transfer of electrons in ionic compounds results in the formation of stable electronic configurations for both ions. The cation adopts the electronic configuration of a noble gas by losing electrons, while the anion adopts the electronic configuration of a noble gas by gaining electrons. This transfer of electrons allows both ions to achieve a more stable configuration, similar to that of noble gases.- The concept of ionic compounds forming through the transfer of electrons highlights the importance of electronegativity differences between elements in determining the nature of chemical bonding. By understanding the transfer of electrons and the formation of cations and anions, we can better appreciate the unique properties and structures of ionic compounds.
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