Chemical reactions involve breaking and forming bonds from "summary" of NCERT Chemistry Class 11 - [CBSE Board] by Dr. S. C. Rastogi, ,Er. Meera Goyal
Chemical reactions are processes in which substances undergo transformations to form new substances. These transformations involve the breaking of existing bonds between atoms in the reactant molecules and the formation of new bonds to create products. The breaking and forming of bonds are fundamental to understanding how chemical reactions occur. When two or more reactant molecules come into contact with each other, the bonds holding their atoms together are disrupted. This requires an input of energy to overcome the forces holding the atoms in place. As a result, the original bonds are broken, and the atoms are free to rearrange themselves to form new bonds with other atoms. This rearrangement leads to the formation of new molecules, which are the products of the reaction. The breaking of bonds is an endothermic process because it requires energy to break the existing bonds. This energy is often supplied in the form of heat, light, or electricity. Once the bonds are broken, the atoms are in a high-energy state and are ready to form new bonds with other atoms. The formation of new bonds is an exothermic process because it releases energy as the atoms come together to form stable molecules. The breaking and forming of bonds are governed by the principles of chemical bonding, which dictate how atoms interact with each other to achieve stability. Atoms tend to form bonds with other atoms to achieve a full outer shell of electrons, either by sharing electrons (covalent bonding) or by transferring electrons (ionic bonding). The type of bonding in a molecule determines its properties and reactivity in chemical reactions. In summary, chemical reactions involve breaking and forming bonds between atoms in reactant molecules to create new products. The breaking of bonds requires an input of energy, while the formation of bonds releases energy. These processes are governed by the principles of chemical bonding, which determine how atoms interact to form stable molecules. Understanding the role of bond breaking and forming is essential for predicting and explaining the outcomes of chemical reactions.
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