Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons from "summary" of NCERT Chemistry Class 11 - [CBSE Board] by Dr. S. C. Rastogi, ,Er. Meera Goyal
Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. They are made up of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of the atom, while electrons orbit around the nucleus in shells or energy levels. Protons have a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge. Together, they make up the majority of the mass of an atom. Electrons, on the other hand, have a negative charge and negligible mass. They are responsible for the chemical behavior of an atom, as they are involved in forming chemical bonds with other atoms. The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number, which in turn determines the element to which the atom belongs. For example, an atom with one proton is hydrogen, while an atom with six protons is carbon. Neutrons, on the other hand, help stabilize the nucleus of the atom, as they provide additional mass without adding to the overall charge. Electrons are arranged in specific energy levels around the nucleus. The first energy level can hold up to two electrons, while the second and third energy levels can hold up to eight electrons each. This arrangement is known as the electron configuration of an atom. In summary, atoms consist of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, surrounded by electrons in energy levels. This structure allows atoms to interact with one another through chemical reactions, forming molecules and compounds that make up the world around us. Understanding the composition of atoms is essential in the study of chemistry and the behavior of matter.
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