Alkenes have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms from "summary" of NCERT Chemistry Class 11 - [CBSE Board] by Dr. S. C. Rastogi, ,Er. Meera Goyal
Alkenes are a type of hydrocarbon that contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. This double bond consists of a sigma bond and a pi bond. The sigma bond is formed by the head-on overlap of two sp² hybridized orbitals, while the pi bond is formed by the sideways overlap of two p orbitals. The presence of double bonds gives alkenes certain characteristic properties, such as reactivity towards electrophiles. The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n, where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. This formula indicates that alkenes have a higher degree of unsaturation compared to alkanes, which only contain single bonds between carbon atoms. Due to the presence of double bonds, alkenes can undergo addition reactions in which the pi bond is broken and new atoms or groups are added to the carbon atoms. Alkenes can exhibit geometric isomerism when there are two different groups attached to each carbon of the double bond. In such cases, the restricted rotation around the...
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