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Pessimists tend to see negative events as permanent, pervasive, and personal from "summary" of Learned Optimism by Martin E. P. Seligman

Pessimists, as compared to optimists, have a tendency to interpret negative events in a specific way. They view such events as unchangeable, affecting many areas of their lives, and as a reflection of their own shortcomings. This mindset leads them to believe that bad situations will never improve, that they will continue to experience negative outcomes in various aspects of their lives, and that they are personally to blame for these unfavorable circumstances. The perception of negative events as permanent is a key characteristic of pessimists. They believe that setbacks and failures will persist indefinitely, leading to a sense of hopelessness and resignation. This belief reinforces their negative outlook and makes it difficult for them to see any possibility of improvement or change in their circumstances. Pessimists tend to view negative events as fixed and unalterable, which contributes to their overall sense of dissatisfaction and pessimism. In addition to seeing negative events as perm...
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    Learned Optimism

    Martin E. P. Seligman

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