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Special Status of Jammu and Kashmir from "summary" of Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
The special status of Jammu and Kashmir was provided for in Article 370 of the Indian Constitution. This article was included in the Constitution in 1949 to give the state of Jammu and Kashmir a certain level of autonomy. Under Article 370, the state of Jammu and Kashmir had its own Constitution and a separate flag. The state legislature had the power to make laws on all matters except defence, foreign affairs, finance, and communications. The special status of Jammu and Kashmir also meant that the Indian Parliament could not make laws for the state without the consent of the state government. This arrangement was seen as a way to respect the unique identity and history of the state. However, over the years, there were concerns that Article 370 was being used to maintain a separate identity for Jammu and Kashmir, which some felt was creating a sense of separatism. In August 2019, the Government of India took a bold step and abrogated Article 370, effectively revoking the special status of Jammu and Kashmir. This move was aimed at fully integrating the state into the Indian Union and ensuring that all laws passed by the Indian Parliament would be applicable to Jammu and Kashmir. The government also bifurcated the state into two Union Territories – Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. The abrogation of Article 370 was met with mixed reactions, with some supporting the move as a way to bring development and prosperity to the region, while others criticized it as a violation of the rights and autonomy of the people of Jammu and Kashmir. The situation in the region remains complex, with ongoing discussions and debates about the implications of the abrogation of Article 370.
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