Federalism ensures a division of powers between the Centre and States from "summary" of Indian Polity by J.C. Johari
Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between the central government and the regional or state governments. This division of powers ensures that each level of government has its own spheres of authority and responsibilities. In the Indian context, federalism guarantees a distribution of powers between the Centre and the States, with each having its own domain of authority to govern. The Constitution of India clearly defines the powers of the Centre and the States in the Seventh Schedule. The Union List contains subjects on which only the central government can make laws, such as defense, foreign affairs, and currency. On the other hand, the State List includes subjects on which only the state governments can legislate, such as police, public health, and agriculture. Additionally, the Concurrent List contains subjects on which both the Centre and the States can make laws, such as education, forests, and criminal law. This division of powers between the Centre and the States ensures that neither level of government can encroach upon the other's jurisdiction. It also prevents the concentration of power in one entity, thereby promoting a system of checks and balances. This distribution of powers is essential for maintaining the federal structure of the Indian polity and upholding the principles of democracy and federalism. Federalism also provides for the independence and autonomy of the States in their respective spheres of authority. This allows for diversity and experimentation in governance, as different States can adopt policies and programs that suit their specific needs and circumstances. It also fosters healthy competition among States, encouraging them to innovate and improve governance for the benefit of their citizens.- Federalism ensures a division of powers between the Centre and the States, promoting a balanced distribution of authority and responsibilities in the Indian polity. It safeguards against the centralization of power and allows for the autonomy and independence of the States in their governance. This system of government is essential for ensuring democracy, diversity, and efficiency in the functioning of the Indian state.
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