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Struggle for selfgovernance from "summary" of India's Struggle for Independence by Bipan Chandra,Mridula Mukherjee,Aditya Mukherjee,K N Panikkar,Sucheta Mahajan
The struggle for self-governance in India was a long and arduous process that was marked by various phases and strategies employed by the Indian National Congress and other political groups. This struggle was not just about gaining independence from British colonial rule but also about asserting the right of Indians to govern themselves and determine their own destiny. The initial phase of the struggle for self-governance focused on constitutional reforms and demands for greater representation of Indians in the legislative bodies. The Indian National Congress, under the leadership of figures like Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendranath Banerjea, and Gopal Krishna Gokhale, advocated for gradual reforms that would eventually lead to self-rule. They believed in working within the existing constitutional framework to achieve their goals. However, as the demands for self-governance were repeatedly denied by the British authorities, the movement began to adopt more radical tactics. Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal called for mass mobilization and direct action to achieve self-rule. They believed that passive resistance and non-cooperation were the only ways to force the British to concede to Indian demands. The rise of Mahatma Gandhi as a leader further energized the struggle for self-governance. Gandhi's philosophy of non-violent resistance, or Satyagraha, inspired millions of Indians to join the movement for independence. Through campaigns like the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement, Indians across the country protested against British rule and demanded the right to self-governance. The struggle for self-governance was not without its challenges and setbacks. The British authorities responded to the protests with repression and violence, leading to numerous arrests and casualties. The movement also faced internal divisions and disagreements over tactics and strategies. Despite these obstacles, the desire for self-rule remained strong among Indians from all walks of life.- The struggle for self-governance in India was a complex and multifaceted process that involved various phases, tactics, and strategies. It was a battle not just for independence from colonial rule but also for the right of Indians to govern themselves and shape their own future. The leaders and activists who spearheaded this movement showed immense courage, determination, and resilience in the face of formidable challenges.
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