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Formation of Indian National Congress from "summary" of India's Struggle for Independence by Bipan Chandra,Mridula Mukherjee,Aditya Mukherjee,K N Panikkar,Sucheta Mahajan
The Indian National Congress was formed in December 1885 in Bombay. It was the first organized expression of the Indian nationalist movement on an all-India scale. The idea of forming such a body had been in the air for quite some time. A. O. Hume, a retired British civil servant, played a significant role in the formation of the Congress. Hume had been in India for over twenty years and was deeply troubled by the poverty and backwardness of the Indians. The Congress aimed to provide a common platform for the articulation of Indian grievances and demands. Its objectives were to express the views and grievances of the Indian people before the government, to educate public opinion in India and abroad on political questions, and to develop a sense of national unity among the Indians. The Congress was to be a safety valve for the release of popular discontent. The first session of the Congress was attended by seventy-two delegates, representing different parts of India. The early Congressmen were moderate in their political objectives and methods. The early years of the Congress were marked by moderate and constitutional methods. The leaders of the Congress believed in the efficacy of petitions, resolutions, and appeals to the British sense of justice. They felt that the British would listen to reason and rectify the grievances of the Indians. The Congress believed in the principles of loyalty and gradualism. The early leaders of the Congress were mostly moderate and loyal to the British government. The early Congress leaders were also influenced by the ideas of liberalism and democracy. They were inspired by the British political traditions of liberty, equality, and justice. They believed in the principles of representative government, the rule of law, and civil liberties. The early Congress leaders were also influenced by the ideas of British liberalism, which emphasized the rights and freedoms of the individual.- The formation of the Indian National Congress marked the beginning of organized political activity in India. The Congress provided a common platform for the expression of Indian grievances and demands. The early Congress leaders were moderate in their political objectives and methods. They believed in the principles of loyalty, gradualism, liberalism, and democracy. The Congress aimed to educate public opinion in India and abroad on political questions and to develop a sense of national unity among the Indians.
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