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Wars with neighboring countries tested India's resilience from "summary" of India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy by Ramachandra Guha

The wars that India fought with its neighboring countries after gaining independence tested the young nation's resilience in various ways. These conflicts were not just about territorial disputes or military victories; they were about India's ability to withstand external pressures and internal challenges while maintaining its democratic values and pluralistic ethos. The first major test came in 1947, with the invasion of Jammu and Kashmir by Pakistani tribal militias. India's response to this aggression was swift and decisive, but the conflict dragged on for months, resulting in a de facto partition of the state along the Line of Control. This early experience of war set the tone for India's future engagements with its neighbors, highlighting the need for a strong defense infrastructure and a clear-eyed approach to national security. Subsequent wars with China in 1962 and Pakistan in 1965 and 1971 exposed India'...
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    India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy

    Ramachandra Guha

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