Morality is grounded in rational principles rather than consequences from "summary" of Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant
Morality, unlike other areas of human life, must be grounded in rational principles rather than consequences. Kant argues that moral actions should be performed out of duty rather than for the sake of achieving some desired outcome. This means that individuals should act in accordance with moral principles simply because it is the right thing to do, not because they hope to gain something from it. According to Kant, moral principles are derived from reason and are universal in nature. This means that they apply to all rational beings, regardless of their personal desires or interests. For Kant, morality is not a matter of subjective opinion or personal preference; it is based on objective, rational principles that are binding on all rational beings. Kant's moral philosophy is grounded in the idea of the categorical imperative, which is a universal moral law that applies to all rational beings. The categorical imperative requires individuals to act in accordance with principles that could be applied universally. In other words, individuals should only act in ways that they would want everyone else to act in similar circumstances. Kant also distinguishes between hypothetical imperatives, which are based on achieving specific goals or outcomes, and categorical imperatives, which are based on universal moral principles. While hypothetical imperatives tell us what we should do in order to achieve a particular goal, categorical imperatives tell us what we should do simply because it is the morally right thing to do. In summary, Kant argues that morality is grounded in rational principles rather than consequences. Moral actions should be performed out of duty, based on universal principles that apply to all rational beings. By following the categorical imperative and acting in accordance with universal moral laws, individuals can uphold their moral duty and maintain their moral integrity.
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