Actions must be governed by categorical imperatives, not hypothetical imperatives from "summary" of Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant
In considering the concept of moral actions, it is essential to understand the distinction between categorical imperatives and hypothetical imperatives. Categorical imperatives are commands that are binding on us without reference to any further end or goal. They are absolute and must be followed regardless of personal desires or circumstances. Hypothetical imperatives, on the other hand, are conditional directives that depend on our individual goals and desires. They instruct us on how to achieve a specific end based on our particular situation. According to Kant, moral actions should be governed by categorical imperatives rather than hypothetical imperatives. This is because categorical imperatives are universal and apply to all rational beings, irrespective of their personal inclinations or goals. By following categorical imperatives, individuals are acting out of a sense of duty and respect for moral law, rather than being motivated by self-interest or personal gain. Kant argues that moral worth lies in acting from a sense of duty, as opposed to acting in pursuit of a desired outcome. When individuals adhere to categorical imperatives, they are acting in accordance with moral principles th...
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