Agricultural societies led to social inequality from "summary" of Foragers, Farmers, and Fossil Fuels by Ian Morris
The shift from foraging to farming marked a significant turning point in human history. Foragers lived in small, relatively egalitarian groups, where everyone had a similar role in the community. In contrast, farming societies brought about a new way of life, with some individuals accumulating more wealth and power than others. As people began to settle down and cultivate crops, they were able to produce more food than they needed for immediate consumption. This surplus allowed for the development of specialized roles within the community, such as farmers, artisans, and rulers. Those who controlled the distribution of resources gained power and influence over others, leading to social inequality. The rise of agriculture also led to the establishment of permanent settlements, which required organized systems of governance to maintain order and allocate resources. This gave rise to complex hierarchical structures, where a small elite class held most of the wealth and power, while the majority of the population worked in the fields or served the ruling class. Social stratification became more pronounced as agricultural societies grew in size and c...
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