Gravitational microlensing is another detection method from "summary" of Exoplanets and Alien Solar Systems by Tahir Yaqoob
Another way to detect exoplanets is through gravitational microlensing. In this method, the gravity of a foreground star acts as a lens, bending and magnifying the light from a background star. If a planet orbits the foreground star, it can further amplify the light from the background star, creating a detectable signal. This technique is particularly useful for detecting planets that are far away from their host stars, as it is not limited by the distance between the planet and the star. Gravitational microlensing can also detect planets that are much smaller than those detected by the radial velocity and transit methods. This is because the signal produced by microlensing is not dependent on the size of the planet, but rather on the mass of the planet and its distance from the star. Therefore, microlensing can detect Earth-sized planets that orbit far from their host stars, which are difficult to detect using other methods. One advantage of gravitational microlensing is that it can detect planets around stars that are thousands of light-years away from Earth. This is because the signal produced by microlensing is not affected by the distance between the star and Earth, allowing astronomers to detect planets in distant parts of the galaxy. Additionally, microlensing can detect planets that orbit stars in crowded regions of the galaxy, where the light from individual stars is difficult to separate using traditional methods. However, gravitational microlensing has its limitations. It is a rare event, with only a small probability of a planet passing in front of a background star at any given time. This makes it difficult to predict when microlensing events will occur, requiring astronomers to continuously monitor large numbers of stars to increase the chances of detection. Despite these challenges, gravitational microlensing remains a valuable tool in the search for exoplanets, providing a unique way to detect planets that are otherwise difficult to observe.
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