Introduction to fieldeffect transistors from "summary" of Electronics - Circuits and Systems by Owen Bishop
Field-effect transistors, or FETs, are a type of transistor that relies on an electric field to control the flow of current. They come in two main varieties: junction FETs (JFETs) and metal-oxide-semiconductor FETs (MOSFETs). Both types have three terminals: the source, the drain, and the gate. The source is where current enters the transistor, the drain is where it exits, and the gate controls the flow of current between the source and the drain. JFETs are made of a piece of semiconductor material with two heavily doped regions at either end. The gate terminal is connected to the middle of the semiconductor material. When a voltage is applied to the gate, it creates an electric field that controls the flow of current between the source and the drain. JFETs are simple to use and have high input impedance, making them ideal for use in amplifier circuits. MOSFETs, on the other hand, have a layer of insulating material between the gate and the semiconductor material. This insulating layer allows MOSFETs to have even higher input impedance than JFETs. There are two main types of MOSFETs: enhancement-mode and depletion-mode. Enhancement-mode MOSFETs require a positive voltage on the gate to turn on, while depletion-mode MOSFETs require a negative voltage. Both types of FETs have their advantages and disadvantages. JFETs are easier to use but have lower input impedance, while MOSFETs have higher input impedance but are more complex to work with. Understanding the characteristics of each type of FET is essential for designing and building electronic circuits. FETs are widely used in a variety of applications, including amplifiers, switches, and oscillators. Learning how to use them effectively is crucial for anyone working in the field of electronics.
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