Genetic diversity is essential for species survival from "summary" of El gen / The Gene: An Intimate History by Siddhartha Mukherjee
Genetic diversity, the genetic variation within a population, is not just a matter of scientific curiosity. It is, in fact, essential for the survival of a species. This diversity acts as a buffer against the challenges that a species may face in its environment. Without it, a species becomes vulnerable to threats such as diseases, changes in climate, and competition from other species. When a population lacks genetic diversity, it is more likely to be wiped out by a single catastrophic event. This is because individuals within the population are more likely to have the same vulnerabilities, making it easier for a single threat to wipe out the entire population. On the other hand, a genetically diverse population is more likely to have individuals with varying traits that may help them survive in the face of adversity. Genetic diversity also plays a crucial role in the adaptation of a species to changing environments. In a constantly changing world, species need to be able to adapt to new conditions in order to survive. Genetic diversity provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon, allowing for the emergence of new traits that may be beneficial in a changing environment. Inbreeding, which reduces genetic diversity by increasing the prevalence of harmful genetic mutations, is a major threat to the survival of species. Inbreeding depression, the decrease in fitness that occurs in inbred populations, can lead to reduced reproductive success and increased susceptibility to diseases. This further emphasizes the importance of genetic diversity in ensuring the survival of a species.- Genetic diversity is not just a theoretical concept - it is a fundamental requirement for the survival of a species. Without it, a species is at risk of being wiped out by a single catastrophic event or being unable to adapt to changing environments. It is therefore essential that we protect and preserve the genetic diversity of all species to ensure their continued survival.
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