The Earth's atmosphere is composed of different layers, each with its own unique characteristics from "summary" of Earth System Science by Timothy Lenton
The Earth's atmosphere is a complex system that can be broken down into distinct layers, each with its own set of unique characteristics. These layers are defined based on changes in temperature and composition as one moves higher up from the Earth's surface. Starting at the lowest layer, the troposphere is where most weather phenomena occur. This layer is characterized by a decrease in temperature with increasing altitude, and it contains the majority of the atmosphere's mass. As one moves higher into the stratosphere, the temperature begins to increase due to the presence of ozone, which absorbs and scatters ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Above the stratosphere lies the mesosphere, where temperatures once again decrease with altitude. This layer is where meteors burn up upon entering the Earth's atmosphere. Finally, the thermosphere is the outermost layer, where temperatures can reach thousands of degrees Celsius due to the absorption of high-energy solar radiation. Each of these layers plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate and protecting life on the planet. For example, the troposphere helps to distribute heat around the globe through processes like convection and precipitation. The stratosphere's ozone layer acts as a shield against harmful ultraviolet radiation, while the mesosphere helps to break down incoming meteors before they reach the surface. Understanding the characteristics of each atmospheric layer is essential for studying the Earth as a system and predicting how it may respond to changes in the future. By examining how these layers interact and influence one another, scientists can gain valuable insights into the complex processes that drive the Earth's climate and weather patterns.
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