Brain regulates eating from "summary" of Discovering the Brain by National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman
The regulation of eating is a complex process that involves the coordination of multiple systems within the brain. The hypothalamus, a small region located deep within the brain, plays a central role in this process. It receives signals from the body about the availability of nutrients and energy levels, as well as from the environment about food intake and energy expenditure. The hypothalamus integrates these signals and sends out instructions to other regions of the brain that control appetite and satiety. For example, when the body is low on energy, the hypothalamus may release hormones that stimulate hunger and increase the motivation to seek out food. On the other hand, when energy stores are sufficient, the hypothalamus may release hormones that suppress appetite and promote feelings of fullness. In addition to the hypothalamus, other brain regions also play a role in regulating eating behavior. The reward system, which is involved in the experience of pleasure and motivation, can influence food intake through the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is involved in feelings of pleasure and reward. The prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making and impulse control, can also influence eating behavior through its role in inhibiting or promoting certain actions. Furthermore, the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication system between the gut and the brain, also plays a role in regulating eating behavior. The gut can release hormones that signal to the brain about the presence of nutrients in the digestive tract, as well as send signals to the brain about feelings of fullness and satiety.- The regulation of eating is a dynamic and multifaceted process that involves the coordination of multiple systems within the brain. By understanding how these systems interact and influence each other, researchers can gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of eating behavior and develop strategies for promoting healthy eating habits.
