Huffman coding compresses data based on character frequencies from "summary" of Data Structures and Algorithms in Python by Michael T. Goodrich,Roberto Tamassia,Michael H. Goldwasser
Huffman coding is a widely-used method for lossless data compression. The key idea behind Huffman coding is to assign variable-length codes to input characters, with shorter codes assigned to more frequent characters. By doing so, it is possible to represent the input data using fewer bits than a fixed-length encoding scheme. This results in a more efficient representation of the original data. The algorithm works by constructing a binary tree called a Huffman tree. This tree is built in a bottom-up fashion, starting with individual nodes for each input character, and then merging nodes with the lowest frequencies to create higher-level nodes. The process continues until all nodes are merged into a single root node, which represents the entire input data. During the construction of the Huffman tree, each merge operation involves combining two nodes with the lowest frequencies. A new node is creat...
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