Heaps are binary trees that satisfy the heap property from "summary" of Data Structures and Algorithms in Python by Michael T. Goodrich,Roberto Tamassia,Michael H. Goldwasser
Binary trees are a fundamental data structure in computer science, consisting of nodes connected by edges, where each node has at most two children nodes. When these binary trees are used to represent heaps, they are known as binary heaps. Heaps are a specialized tree-based data structure that satisfy the heap property, which distinguishes them from regular binary trees. The heap property dictates that for a binary tree to be considered a heap, it must adhere to a specific ordering principle. In a binary heap, if P is a parent node of C, then the key value of P is either greater than or equal to (in a max heap) or less than or equal to (in a min heap) the key value of C. This relationship between parent and child nodes ensures that the largest (or smallest) element is alwa...
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