The OSI model provides a framework for understanding network communication from "summary" of Data Communications and Networking by Behrouz A. Forouzan
The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven distinct layers. Each layer serves a specific purpose and interacts with the layers above and below it. By dividing the communication process into smaller and more manageable components, the OSI model helps in understanding the complex interactions that occur during network communication.
At the physical layer, the lowest layer of the OSI model, data is transmitted over the communication channel as a stream of bits. This layer deals with the physical connection between devices and handles the electrical, mechanical, and procedural aspects of transmitting data. Moving up the OSI model, the data link layer is responsible for reliable data transfer between two directly connected nodes.
The network layer adds the concept of addressing and routing to the communication process. It determines the best path for data to travel from the source to the d...
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