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Decentralization enables adaptability in complex systems from "summary" of Complexity by Mitchell M. Waldrop

Central to the concept of complexity is the idea that decentralized systems have a unique ability to adapt to changing circumstances. In a decentralized system, decision-making is distributed among many individual components or agents, rather than being centralized in a single controlling entity. This decentralization allows for a greater degree of flexibility and responsiveness, as each component is able to react to local information and adjust its behavior accordingly. By contrast, in a centralized system, decisions are made at the top and then handed down to the lower levels. This can lead to inefficiencies and bottlenecks, as information must flow up the hierarchy before decisions can be made. In a complex system, where the environment is constant...
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    Complexity

    Mitchell M. Waldrop

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