The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus from "summary" of Chemistry Simplified NCERT Class 11 by Sanjay Sharma
The atomic number of an element is a fundamental concept in chemistry. It represents the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom. Each element on the periodic table is defined by its unique atomic number, which distinguishes it from other elements. The atomic number is crucial because it determines the identity of an element. For example, hydrogen has an atomic number of 1, which means it has one proton in its nucleus. In contrast, helium has an atomic number of 2, indicating it contains two protons in its nucleus. This difference in atomic number is what makes hydrogen and helium two distinct elements. The atomic number also plays a significant role in the organization of the periodic table. Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, which results in a systematic arrangement of elements with similar chemical properties in columns called groups. Understanding the concept of atomic number is essential for predicting the behavior of elements in chemical reactions. The number of protons in the nucleus influences the element's physical and chemical properties, such as its reactivity, atomic mass, and electron configuration. In summary, the atomic number of an element is a fundamental property that defines its identity and place on the periodic table. By knowing the atomic number, scientists can make predictions about an element's properties and behavior in chemical reactions.
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