Chemical reactions involve the breaking and forming of chemical bonds from "summary" of Chemistry Simplified NCERT Class 11 by Sanjay Sharma
Chemical reactions are processes in which substances are transformed into new substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. This transformation occurs when reactant molecules collide with enough energy to break the existing bonds and form new ones. During a chemical reaction, the bonds within the reactant molecules are broken, leading to the formation of intermediate species known as activated complexes. These activated complexes are highly unstable and have higher energy levels than the reactants. As the reaction progresses, the activated complexes rearrange their atoms to form new bonds, resulting in the formation of products. The breaking of chemical bonds requires energy input, known as the activation energy. This energy is needed to overcome the energy barrier associated with breaking the existing bonds. Once the activation energy is provided, the bonds can be broken, and the reaction can proceed. On the other hand, the formation of new bonds releases energy, known as the bond energy. This energy is released when the reactant molecules combine to form products, stabilizing the newly formed bonds. The overall energy change in a chemical reaction is determined by the difference between the energy required to break the bonds in the reactants and the energy released when new bonds are formed in the products.- Chemical reactions involve the breaking of existing bonds in the reactants, the formation of new bonds in the products, and the overall exchange of energy throughout the process. By understanding the role of bond breaking and formation in chemical reactions, we can better predict and explain the outcomes of these fundamental processes in chemistry.
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