Chemical bonding can be ionic, covalent, or metallic from "summary" of Chemistry Simplified NCERT Class 11 by Sanjay Sharma
Chemical bonding is a crucial concept in understanding the formation of compounds. It plays a vital role in determining the physical and chemical properties of substances. There are three primary types of chemical bonding - ionic, covalent, and metallic. Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. It occurs between a metal and a non-metal, resulting in the formation of ions with opposite charges. The attraction between the positively charged metal ion and the negatively charged non-metal ion holds the compound together. This type of bonding is typically seen in compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium oxide (MgO). Covalent bonding, on the other hand, involves the sharing of electrons between atoms. This type of bonding occurs between non-metal atoms and results in the formation of molecules. The shared electrons create a stable electron configuration for both atoms, leading to a strong bond. Examples of covalent compounds include water (H2O) and methane (CH4). Metallic bonding is characteristic of metals and involves the delocalization of electrons throughout the metal lattice. The positive metal ions are held together by a "sea" of electrons that are free to move. This results in metals being good conductors of electricity and heat. Examples of metallic bonding can be seen in elements like copper and iron. Each type of chemical bonding has its unique characteristics and properties. Ionic bonding results in the formation of a crystal lattice structure, while covalent bonding leads to the creation of discrete molecules. Metallic bonding allows for the malleability and ductility of metals. Understanding these different types of bonding is essential in predicting the behavior of substances in various chemical reactions and environments.
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