Charles's law relates volume and temperature of a gas from "summary" of Chemistry Simplified NCERT Class 11 by Sanjay Sharma
Charles's law is a fundamental principle in chemistry that establishes a relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas. According to this law, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, provided that the pressure and quantity of the gas are kept constant. In simpler terms, as the temperature of a gas increases, its volume also increases, and vice versa. This law was formulated by Jacques Charles, a French physicist, in the late 18th century. Charles conducted experiments in which he observed that when the temperature of a gas was increased, its volume also increased proportionally. This led him to conclude that there was a direct correlation between the two variables. Mathematically, Charles's law can be expressed as V1/T1 = V2/T2, where V1 and T1 represent the initial volume and temperature of the gas, and V2 and T2 represent the final volume and temperature, respectively. This equation demonstrates that the ratio of the volume to the temperature of a gas remains constant as long as the pressure and quantity of the gas are held constant. An important implication of Charles's law is that gases tend to expand when heated and contract when cooled. This behavior can be observed in everyday life, such as when a balloon inflated with air shrinks in cold weather and expands in hot weather. Understanding Charles's law is crucial for various applications in chemistry and physics, including the design of air conditioning systems, weather forecasting, and gas laws calculations. In summary, Charles's law provides valuable insights into the behavior of gases and their response to changes in temperature. By establishing a direct relationship between volume and temperature, this law helps scientists and researchers better understand the properties of gases and how they interact with their environment.
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