Functional groups determine the properties of organic molecules from "summary" of Chemistry by Russell Kuhtz
Functional groups play a crucial role in determining the properties of organic molecules. These groups consist of specific arrangements of atoms within a molecule that impart distinct chemical and physical characteristics to the compound. For example, the presence of a hydroxyl group (-OH) typically results in molecules that are polar and can form hydrogen bonds, making them soluble in water. This is evident in alcohols such as ethanol, which exhibit these properties due to the hydroxyl group. Similarly, the presence of a carboxyl group (-COOH) imparts acidic properties to organic molecules. Carboxylic acids, like acetic acid, contain this functional group which can donate a hydrogen ion, resulting in acidic behavior. On the other hand, the amino group (-NH2) confers basic properties to molecules. Amines, like a...
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