Drug interactions and adverse effects from "summary" of Chemistry for Pharmacy Students by Lutfun Nahar,Professor Satyajit D. Sarker
When different drugs are taken together, they can interact with each other in various ways. These interactions can affect the way drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. Drug interactions can result in decreased effectiveness of one or both drugs, increased risk of side effects, or new adverse effects that were not present when the drugs were taken individually. One type of drug interaction is pharmacokinetic interaction, which involves changes in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of drugs. For example, one drug may inhibit the metabolism of another drug, leading to increased levels of the second drug in the body. This can result in toxicity or other adverse effects. On the other hand, one drug may induce the metabolism of another drug, reducing its effectiveness. Another type of drug interaction is pharmacodynamic interaction, which involves changes in the way drugs interact with their target receptors or enzymes in the body. For example, two drugs that have similar effects on the same receptor may have additive or synergistic effects when taken together. Conversely, two drugs that have opposite effects on the same receptor may cancel each other out, leading to reduced effectiveness of one or both drugs. It is important for healthcare professionals to be aw...
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