Understand file handling and streams from "summary" of C/C++ Programmer's Reference by Herbert Schildt
File handling and streams are essential concepts in C and C++ programming. They allow you to read from and write to files, which is crucial for many applications. In C and C++, file handling is done through streams, which are sequences of bytes. Streams can be of two types: input streams, used for reading data from a file, and output streams, used for writing data to a file. In C and C++, file handling is achieved through the use of file pointers. File pointers are variables that point to a specific file. They are used to open, read, write, and close files. When working with files, it is important to remember to always close the file after you are done using it. Failing to do so can result in data loss or corruption. To open a file in C or C++, you use the `fopen()` function. This function takes two arguments: the name of the file you want to open and the mode in which you want to open the file (e. g., read, write, append). Once a file is opened, you can use functions like `fprintf()` and `fscanf()` to write and read data from the file, respectively. When working with files in C and C++, you must also handle errors that may occur during file operations. This can be done by checking the return value of file handling functions for errors and taking appropriate action if an error occurs. Additionally, it is good practice to use file handling functions that provide error checking and handling mechanisms, such as `ferror()` and `perror()`.- File handling and streams are fundamental concepts in C and C++ programming. They allow you to interact with files, read from them, and write to them. By understanding how file handling works and how to use streams effectively, you can create powerful and efficient programs that work with external data sources.
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