Animal structure and function from "summary" of Biology by Neil A. Campbell
The structure and function of animals are closely intertwined, each influencing the other in intricate ways. Animals are made up of specialized cells, tissues, and organs that work together to carry out specific functions necessary for survival. These structures are adapted to perform specific tasks, such as obtaining and digesting food, exchanging gases, and reproducing. At the cellular level, animals are composed of various types of cells that are specialized for different functions. For example, nerve cells are equipped with long extensions to transmit electrical impulses, while muscle cells contain contractile proteins that allow for movement. These specialized cells form tissues, such as nervous tissue and muscle tissue, which in turn make up organs like the brain and heart. Organs work together in organ systems to carry out essential functions. For instance, the respiratory system includes organs such as the lungs and trachea that work together to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment. The circulatory system, ...
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