Nerve supply of upper limbs from "summary" of Bd Chaurasia's Human Anatomy, Volume 1 by B. D. Chaurasia
The upper limbs receive their nerve supply from the brachial plexus, a complex network of nerves that originate from the ventral rami of the spinal nerves C5-T1. The brachial plexus is responsible for innervating the muscles and skin of the upper limbs, providing both motor and sensory functions. The brachial plexus is divided into roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches. The roots are formed by the ventral rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves, which combine to form the superior, middle, and inferior trunks. These trunks give rise to anterior and posterior divisions, which further combine to form lateral, medial, and posterior cords. From these cords, various branches emerge to supply different regions of the upper limb. The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord and innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm. The median nerve, also originating from the lateral cord, supplies muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm and innervates the skin of the palm and lateral three and a half fingers. The ulnar nerve, derived from the medial cord, innervates muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm and supplies sensation to the medial one and a half fingers. The radial nerve, originating from the posterior cord, innervates muscles in the posterior compartments of the arm and forearm and supplies sensation to the posterior aspect of the arm and forearm, as well as the dorsum of the hand. In addition to these major nerves, there are also several smaller branches that arise from the brachial plexus to supply specific muscles and regions of the upper limb. These nerves work together to coordinate movement and sensation in the upper limb, allowing for a wide range of activities and functions to be performed with precision and control.
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