Introduction to abdomen from "summary" of Bd Chaurasia's Human Anatomy, Volume 1 by B. D. Chaurasia
The abdomen is the part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis. It contains the digestive system, urinary system, and reproductive system. The abdomen is enclosed by the abdominal wall, made up of skin, fat, muscles, and fascia. The abdomen is divided into nine regions by four imaginary planes. These regions are important for locating abdominal organs and for clinical examination. The abdominal wall consists of several layers. The skin is the outermost layer, followed by subcutaneous tissue, which contains fat. Beneath the subcutaneous tissue are three layers of muscles: external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis. The muscles of the abdominal wall provide support and protection to the abdominal organs. The abdominal cavity contains several organs, including the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, ...
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